Pastoralist lifestyle as the first social system of human society, despite its significant role in the economic, social and cultural development of the country, has faced numerous challenges that have led to its decline. In this regard, awareness of related issues and problems is essential for planning and formulating appropriate policies. In this study, the social- economic situation of some tribes of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province during the past three decades 60, 70 and 80. population, number and types of livestock, fuel consumption, handicrafts and land tenure were analyzed. The required statistics and information were extracted from the data of socio-economic censuses of pastoralists in the years 1366, 1377 and 1387 in the archives of the Iranian Statistics Center. According to the results, the population and the number of households and the amount of fuel consumption of nomadic households in the province in Yilaq and Qashlaq have been decreasing from 1366 to 1387. In addition, the lands under annual cultivation have the highest level used by nomadic households compared to other types of land use. The evolution of traditional livestock systems according to the time and place requirements, strengthening the production infrastructure, organizing the production chain to the sale of handicrafts, forming and strengthening local institutions can act in the direction of the sustainability of the nomadic society and environmental resources through capacity building and empowerment of nomads and continuous training and then continuous monitoring can be followed and realized.